Daily infected with helminths in adults and children, this you can defend, but not always. Therefore, in order to clearly understand what we have, you need to know their type. It is the only correct identification of the helminth, it is possible to win.
In this article you will learn: what human worms exist, when we can pick up typical signs of infection. Take care of your health and remember that it is Your one.
Human worms — rating
Helminths (worms) – a huge class of parasitic worms that live in humans, animals and plants. Helminths, parasitic worms, feeding on the internal resources of the body of the "boss" will not only weaken the body, but also contribute to other diseases.
Oddly enough, but almost every second person – the operator of one of the types of worms and not even know it until complications occur or will carry out an additional inspection. Depending on the climatic zones of different continents are different types of worms.
Also, worms are divided by way of transfer from organism to organism:
- bio worms – seize the animal;
- contagious – transmitted from an infected person;
- geo worms, larvae stored in the soil.
Once ingested the larvae are ingested, they move through the body's bloodstream and deposited in the organs. Most often, the worms settle in different parts of the intestine. The classification of the place a solution for the parasite:
- Translucent worms – live-the hollow bodies.
- Tissue – located in the tissues.
- Others may live in the hollow body, and thicker fabrics.
In nature there are about 250 species of helminths. Each requires certain conditions for their existence and development. The worms differ in size, shape and other features.
Classification of these parasites is not yet fully formed and validated by the researchers.
Separation of worms on a regional basis is also the place to be. This fact complicates the classification of the parasite. Countries in middle latitudes with temperate climatic conditions, it is possible to count more than 20 species of helminths, which are divided into three groups depending on the appearance and form:
- Round (nematodes);
- Tape (cestodes);
- Flat (trematodes).
Nematodes and trematodes are the most common in nature than the tape parasites. The human body is the ideal environment for reproduction and growth, pinworms and ascarids. Also common and Trichinella. In cestodes belonging to the bovine, porcine, rat cep my tapeworm.
Types of worms in humans — roundworms (nematodes)
Another name for these worms – nematodes. This type of worms is considered the most common. They are characterized by a round body shape in cross-section. The body length of different species of worms can vary from 5 mm to 40 cm.
Life, they usually choose the intestine, but easy to move to the host body and can live in other organs.
The wide distribution of nematodes is due to the fact that the infection is very easy. The intermediate host is not required, and they are transferred from one infected to another. Also, infections can develop by eating unwashed fruits or vegetables. Therefore, infection with these helminths is special for children because they tend to break the rules of hygiene.
Pinworms
Pinworms – the representatives of the shuttle has a circular shape, with a length of about 2 inches. Occur in both adults and children. Settle in the small intestine and develop to larvae to adult in 2 weeks. Pinworms cause the disease enterobiasis.
Enterobius infection occurs in inflammation of the walls of the gut, disturbed digestion, and toxins worms cause local bleeding. The disease manifests itself in the evening itching in the anus. Itching causes the females to lay their eggs.
You can be infected with Enterobius is possible not only through contact with common objects with an infected person, but also vegetables in the garden (eggs stored in the soil), cockroaches and flies can carry the eggs of worms. When enterobiasis in women parasites can cause inflammation of the genital organs. Also become inflamed and scratching, which leads to staph.
Roundworm
Ascarids – round worms grow up to 40 centimeters and a diameter of about 6 inches. The eggs of ascarids in contact with the soil can be stored there for about a year before getting into a favorable environment for development. When roundworm larva enters the host organism and begins to grow, it produces toxins that affect the lungs, the liver.
The larvae travels throughout the body and affect the blood vessels and cause inflammatory damage. Settles in the intestine and pass as its content. A day can lay several thousands of eggs.
Because of its significantly large roundworm in search of food can move to the ducts of the pancreas, bile ducts and liver, causing inflammation of the intestine can get into the throat and block the airway. The cause of such diseases as ascariasis.
The presence of ascarids in the body can be recognized by these symptoms:
- Nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain.
- Fatigue.
- Diarrhea, red worms in the stool.
- Allergic reactions.
The shuttle has a tendency to curl up into a ball, this is obstruction of the intestine, and as a result of peritonitis.
Whipworm
The following representative of the round worm is the whip worm. Their length is 5 cm. Its unusual shape – the most important part is thin and short part – broad. The presence of human whipworm can cause trihozefalez.
Presence in the body of whipworm trichocephalosis leads to and is manifested by symptoms:
- abdominal pain, loss of appetite;
- diarrhea constipation changes;
- sometimes blood in the stool;
- iron-deficiency anemia.
Toxocara
This species of nematodes live in the stomach of the dog and the feces the eggs fall to the ground. External parasites, such as roundworm, but it grows only to 15 inches. The entire life cycle of the parasite occurs in the body of the dog, so get a favorable environment for humans, the larvae perish, but have time to hurt.
Hit the muscles, liver, lungs, heart, tissues of the eye, the brain, the disease toxocariasis.
Activity of larvae in the body manifested by such symptoms:
- temperature rise;
- swollen lymph nodes and the liver;
- rash;
- lungs;
- shortness of breath, wheezing, dry cough;
- mental disorders and seizures;
- a blood test shows the presence of eosinophils.
You can confirm the diagnosis through scraping the affected area of the skin, a blood test for antibodies, liver biopsy.
Ancylostoma
In this case, the infection occurs through the skin or if swallowed larvae. Blood they can be the lungs and heart, but rather the small intestine. They live about 4 years, when the hookworm. Symptoms:
- Fever.
- Increased salivation.
- Eosinophilia.
Pathology occurs in the running stage of infection, when the body accumulates a large amount of worms. In the early stages can be asymptomatic, which will detect pathology of the can accidentally.
Tapeworms (cestodes)
If you look at all the varieties found in humans, worms, tapeworms are one of the most dangerous. The greatest risk is associated with the size, because this type of parasite can reach a length of 18 m.
Therefore, their effect on the human body is very unfavorable. All the time their life requires a change of the owner. Some part of the tapeworm live in the body of cattle, which is transferred to the people.
Tapeworm
The tapeworm reaches 10 meters long. Cracks the head is attached to the surface of the intestine. The human body gets raw freshwater fish as larvae, and develop fully within a month.
Symptomatic the presence of the parasite in the body appears as follows:
- beriberi lack of vitamin B12, folic acid;
- vomiting, nausea, diarrhea;
- disorders of the gastrointestinal tract;
- lethargy;
- the growth temperature.
This parasite is nourished by absorption of nutrients to the surface all of his considerable. Point of attachment of the broad tapeworm develops gangrene. Calais displayed segment (includes eggs) of the worm and its eggs.
Beef tapeworm
Beef tapeworm (tapeworm) lives in the small intestine and is 7 meters long. Bovine tapeworm larvae infect man by eating undercooked beef. The larvae are easy to choose meat because their size is about 5 mm. the human body, the larvae grow for 3 months.
Propagated by means of segments, which contain up to 150 thousand larvae. Such segments of the body of the beef tapeworm about 2 thousand.
These segments independently and come out at night to the anus and spread over the bed. The presence of this worm can cause disease beef tapeworm infection, which is manifested symptoms:
- The depletion of the body.
- Disorder of the intestine.
- Loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting.
- Allergic reactions.
Pork tapeworm
Pork tapeworm can be mixed with the bull, but the size of his modest – 2.5 meters. And the number of segments, this parasite is also smaller – about 1 thousand. Worms head has suckers and a proboscis with hooks, which are attached to the thicker of the intestines.
You can get infected through raw meat and fat. This parasite causes a disease of taenia in its and cysticercosis. The symptoms depends on the number of worms in the body. A large number of parasites can lead to obstruction of the intestine, which can be treated only surgically.
Ancylostoma
Is the causative agent of hookworm. Habitat – 12-perstny gut. Length of worm in about 14 millimeters. Fed from nutrients that are produced by the intestinal wall.
The parasite through the blood vessels of the liver, lungs, heart. Ankylostoma infection manifests these symptoms:
- belching, nausea, heartburn, vomiting, diarrhea;
- headache, dizziness;
- cough, dyspnoea, pneumonia, pain in the heart;
- fatigue, chronic fatigue.
Hookworm cause complications: hepatitis, peptic ulcer 12 duodenal ulcer, bronchitis, laryngitis, endocarditis. You can check a diagnosis by using blood tests, fluoroscopy, x-ray.
Protozoa
They are called simple due to the fact that they are one-celled. But this does not mean that their presence in the human body should cause concern. These types of parasites can occur in less severe disease than in other cases.
Giardia
Their danger is due to the fact that the presence of the body does not have pathological manifestations. People become infected by these microbes, ingestion of Giardia cysts. This can happen when swimming in open water. Their reproduction occurs by dividing the cell in half.
From the stomach the parasites spread throughout the body along with the blood, affecting different organs.
The patient may notice symptoms of different diseases, but did not guess about the cause of their development. Giardiasis often causes the following diseases:
- Allergies.
- Bronchitis.
- Asthma.
- Rash.
- Also cholecystitis.
- VSD.
- Enterocolitis.
- Dyskinesia 12-duodenum and biliary ducts.
- Enteritis.
- Chronic fatigue.
Further advancement of giardiasis can cause central nervous system disorders, and circulatory system.
Symptoms of worms
The manifestation of helminthiasis in humans can vary. Symptoms that occur in people with severe infection:
- Painful to watch.
- Weight loss.
- Pallor.
- Itching in the anal area.
In most cases, infection with helminths is similar to symptoms of other diseases, the treatment of which does not give performance. Depending on the localization of the parasite, and their number has to develop certain symptoms.
Failure of the digestive system
If the parasitic worms in the intestine, then a person is faced with such problems, such as:
- Diarrhea or conversely, constipation.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Pain in the intestine.
- Swelling.
- Sudden loss or, on the contrary, weight gain.
Large tapeworms can block the intestines and cause constipation. Because of the constant sharing of waste, a person experiencing symptoms of poisoning is nausea, vomiting, General weakness.
Prevention
It should be remembered that no worms may be fruitful and multiply in the human body, each species has its own period of time, after which they die, for example, has pinworms, it is only a few weeks, roundworm about a year.
Delayed egg to adult is removed from the body, either the feces or the skin near the anus, the environment, the soil, and only then, a Mature human body on the outside and get it again, they begin to work actively and to parasitize.
Because of the increase in humans, the worms can increase the number of adults in the intestine of an infected person, is only possible when the re-infestation when the eggs fall to the back of the mouth through the body.
For example, a person could get rid of the worms after 3-4 weeks without any treatment. But not so easy to follow these rules for toddlers and children of primary school age.